‘I’m employed as a plumbing and heating installer and want to work for myself. Now I’ve heard that, as a qualified tradesperson without a master qualification, I can’t simply do that. Is it true?’ This question often comes up in our startup advice. With good reason: clear rules apply to master craftsperson requirements when starting a skilled-trade business.
What is the master craftsperson requirement?
It is defined in the German Crafts Code (HwO) and says that certain trades and services may be carried out only by people who hold a master craftsperson certificate, awarded after successfully passing the master examination. This standard has applied in Germany for many decades.
Which trades and services require a master qualification?
Some examples:
- Bricklayers and concrete workers
- Carpenters and roofers
- Painters and varnishers
- Scaffolders
- Chimney sweeps
- Metalworkers
- Vehicle body and vehicle builders
- Bicycle mechanics
- Refrigeration system technicians
- Information technology technicians
- Automotive technicians
- Plumbers and plumbing and heating installers
- Joiners
- Bakers and pastry chefs
- Butchers
- Opticians and hearing aid specialists
- Dental technicians
- Hairdressers
- Tile, slab and mosaic layers
- Signmakers and illuminated advertising manufacturers
A complete list is available in Annex A of the German Crafts Code (HwO).
Can I start a business without my own master certificate?
Even without a master certificate, founders have options for becoming self-employed in a skilled trade. For example, you can employ someone with a master qualification as operations manager. A special rule applies if you are an experienced qualified tradesperson who has worked in your trade for at least six years, including at least four in a management position. Under certain conditions, the chamber of skilled trades may also grant an exemption. EU citizens may be able to obtain authorization to practice. And some trades and trade-like businesses do not require a license. The complete list is in Annex B of the HwO.
Go to the German Crafts Code (German laws online) »
Incidentally, NBank offers financial support for your master training through the master craftsperson bonus.
